Ressources Lexicales Contenu,Construction, Utilisation, Evaluation Hardbound

Les ressources lexicales (dictionnaires, bases de donn?es, thesaurus, etc.) rassemblent des connaissances sur les mots, leurs sens et leurs usages. Si pendant des si?cles elles ont ?t? tributaires de l'imprimerie et du format textuel, il existe de nos jours une grande vari?t? d'outils et de ressources accessibles sous formats ?lectroniques divers. Ainsi, la fa?on de consid?rer les ressources lexicales a chang? consid?rablement ces derni?res d?cennies. Au lieu d'?tre con?ues en tant qu'entit?s statiques, on a vu notamment appara?tre des ressources mod?lis?es sous forme de bases de donn?es ou de graphes, dans lesquelles les informations sont li?s et accessibles dynamiquement. Le domaine des ressources lexicales, au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines dont la linguistique, la lexicologie, la lexicographie et le traitement automatique des langues, est sans nul doute en pleine effervescence. Le but de ce volume est d'en dresser un panorama g?n?ral qui rend compte de l'existant et des ?volutions en cours.

Lexical resources store knowledge concerning words, their meanings and uses. While dictionaries were confined to printed media, there are now a variety of tools available in electronic form for different purposes. The way we look at these resources (their creation and use) has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Indeed, there is hardly any task in Natural Language Processing which can be conducted without them. While being built by hand in the past, lexical resources are nowadays built with the help of machines, more or less automatically. Also, rather than being conceived as static entities (data-base view), lexical resources are often viewed as graphs, whose nodes and links (connection strengths) may change over time. Interestingly, properties concerning topology, clustering and evolution known from other disciplines also apply to lexical resources: everything is linked, hence accessible, and everything is evolving. While the field is still in evolution, a snapshot may nevertheless be useful to reveal where we stand. This is precisely one of the goals of this volume.